The Day of Atonement - Yom Kippur - Tuesday

Hosts Shelly and June Volk continue their series on Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement) on For Zion's Sake. In this episode, they break down the two goats of Leviticus 16—the sin offering and the scapegoat—and explore the Hebrew definitions of three words that describe the human condition: transgression (pesha), sin (chata), and iniquity (avon). Through key passages in Isaiah 53 and Psalms, Shelly and June demonstrate how Jesus fulfilled these Old Testament shadows by bearing our full human nature on the cross to offer complete redemption.

Key Takeaways:

• The Two Goats Defined: The first goat provided the blood sacrifice for the sin offering, while the live scapegoat received the hands of the high priest to bear away all the iniquities, transgressions, and sins into the wilderness.

• Three Aspects of Human Nature:

  • Transgression (Pesha): Rebellion and breaking away from God's image.

  • Sin (Chata): Missing the mark or being led astray.

  • Iniquity (Avon): Perversity, crookedness, and the inherited fallen nature.

• Fulfillment in Isaiah 53: Written 700 years before the Messiah, Isaiah 53 explicitly uses all three terms to show that Jesus would be wounded for our transgressions, bruised for our iniquities, and made an offering for sin.

• Passover vs. Yom Kippur: While Jesus died during Passover as the Lamb of God, His sacrifice simultaneously fulfilled the spiritual atonement and scapegoat pattern demonstrated during Yom Kippur.

• Future Hope for Israel: A ultimate Day of Atonement awaits when the nation of Israel recognizes the Messiah and enters into complete spiritual restoration (Zechariah 12:10).

Scripture References:

• Isaiah 62:1 – "For Zion's sake I will not keep silent, and for Jerusalem's sake I will not keep quiet..."

• Leviticus 23 – The appointed times and feasts of the Lord.

• Leviticus 16:15–22 – The instructions for the sin offering goat and the scapegoat.

• Genesis 1:26 & Genesis 3 – Creation in God's image and the fall of man.

• Isaiah 53:5–12 – The prophecy of the Suffering Servant bearing transgressions, iniquities, and sin.

• Zechariah 12:10 – Looking upon Him whom they have pierced.

• Psalm 32:1–2 – "How blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered..."

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